Pronouns
Words that stand in for nouns, so we refer to people and things without repeating their names.
Tenses
How English marks when an action happens: past, present, and future.
Nouns
Words that name people, places, things, and ideas; the foundation of sentences.
Verbs and Voices
Action and being, plus the active and passive voice.
Moods
Indicative, imperative, and subjunctive: the attitude of a verb.
Modals and Semi-modals
Can, could, must, should, and the shades of meaning between them.
Adjectives
Words that describe the qualities and states of nouns.
Adverbs
Words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs: how, when, where, and to what extent.
Determiners
Words placed before nouns to specify quantity, identity, or definiteness.
Prepositions and Conjunctions
Prepositions show relationships like time and place; conjunctions connect ideas.
Grammatical Functions
The role a word or phrase plays within a sentence.
Phrases and Clauses
Groups of words that build sentences; clauses are complete thoughts, phrases are not.
Sentences
Complete thoughts that start with a capital and end with punctuation.
Punctuation and Spelling
The rules that keep writing precise, readable, and clear.
Etymology and Morphology
The origins and history of words, and how words are structured and formed.
Miscellaneous Grammar Subjects
Gender, interjections, time-telling, and other assorted topics.
Get further details on how English grammar works.
Explore pronunciation concepts and frequently asked questions about grammar and usage.